FILED NOT FOR PUBLICATION JUL 14 2023 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT ELVIS MARIANO ALVARADO- No. 22-1222 RAYMUNDO, Agency No. A213-143-334 Petitioner, v. MEMORANDUM* MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General, Respondent. On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals Submitted July 12, 2023** San Francisco, California Before: S.R. THOMAS, BENNETT, and H.A. THOMAS, Circuit Judges. Elvis Mariano Alvarado-Raymundo, a native and citizen of Guatemala, petitions for review of a Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) decision affirming an Immigration Judge (IJ)’s decision denying him asylum, withholding of removal, * This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). and protection under the Convention Against Torture (CAT). We have jurisdiction pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1252. Where, as here, the BIA issues its own opinion, “[w]e review only the BIA’s decision, except to the extent that it expressly adopts the IJ’s opinion.” Flores-Lopez v. Holder, 685 F.3d 857, 861 (9th Cir. 2012). We review the BIA’s factual findings regarding asylum, withholding of removal, and CAT protection for substantial evidence, affirming “unless any reasonable adjudicator would be compelled to conclude to the contrary.” Gutierrez-Alm v. Garland, 62 F.4th 1186, 1194, 1198, 1201 (9th Cir. 2023) (quoting Zehatye v. Gonzales, 453 F.3d 1182, 1185 (9th Cir. 2006)). Because the parties are familiar with the factual and procedural history of the case, we need not recount it here. We deny the petition for review. 1. Substantial evidence supports the BIA’s conclusion that Alvarado- Raymundo did not establish the required nexus for asylum or withholding of removal. To meet the nexus requirement, a noncitizen must show that his protected ground was “a reason” (withholding of removal) or “one central reason” (asylum) that he has been or will be harmed. See Barajas-Romero v. Lynch, 846 F.3d 351, 357–58 (9th Cir. 2017) (citing 8 U.S.C.§§ 1158(b)(1)(B)(i), 1231(b)(3)(A), (C)). 2 Here, however, the evidence shows that the gang members who attacked Alvarado-Raymundo did so in order to rob him or recruit him for their gang. The record does not compel the conclusion that any protected ground was “a reason” or “one central reason” that the gang members harmed him. 2. Substantial evidence also supports the BIA’s conclusion that Alvarado- Raymundo did not establish eligibility for CAT protection. For CAT protection, a noncitizen “must prove that it is ‘more likely than not that he or she would be tortured if removed to the proposed country.’” Id. at 361 (quoting 8 C.F.R. § 208.16(c)(2)). “Torture is an extreme form of cruel and inhuman treatment and does not include lesser forms of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment that do not amount to torture.” 8 C.F.R. § 1208.18(a)(2); Ahmed v. Keisler, 504 F.3d 1183, 1200 (9th Cir. 2007); Vitug v. Holder, 723 F.3d 1056, 1066 …
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