UNPUBLISHED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT No. 17-6272 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Petitioner - Appellee, v. JOSE RAMOS-PEREZ, Respondent - Appellant. Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina, at Raleigh. W. Earl Britt, Senior District Judge. (5:16-hc-02235-BR) Submitted: November 30, 2017 Decided: December 15, 2017 Before WILKINSON, DUNCAN, and FLOYD, Circuit Judges. Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion. Louis C. Allen, Acting Federal Public Defender, Jennifer C. Leisten, Research and Writing Attorney, Raleigh, North Carolina, for Appellant. John Stuart Bruce, United States Attorney, Jennifer P. May-Parker, First Assistant United States Attorney, Robert J. Dodson, Special Assistant United States Attorney, Raleigh, North Carolina, for Appellee. Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. PER CURIAM: The district court committed Jose Ramos-Perez (Ramos), a Mexican national, to the custody and care of the Attorney General pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 4246 (2012). The court found that Ramos, who had been admitted to the Federal Medical Center in Butner, North Carolina for a mental health evaluation following his indictment for illegal reentry into the United States after removal, was suffering from a mental disease or defect as a result of which his release would create a substantial risk of bodily injury to another person or serious damage to the property of another. A person may be committed to the custody of the Attorney General for medical, psychiatric, or psychological care or treatment if “after [a] hearing, the [district] court finds by clear and convincing evidence that the person is presently suffering from a mental disease or defect as a result of which his release would create a substantial risk of bodily injury to another person or serious damage to property of another.” 18 U.S.C. § 4246(d). The district court’s finding that such dangerousness exists is a factual determination we will not overturn unless it is clearly erroneous. United States v. LeClair, 338 F.3d 882, 885 (8th Cir. 2003); United States v. Cox, 964 F.2d 1431, 1433 (4th Cir. 1992). We review issues of statutory interpretation de novo. United States v. Weaver, 659 F.3d 353, 356 (4th Cir. 2011). On appeal, Ramos does not contest the district court’s finding that he suffers from a mental disease or defect or argue that the Government failed to establish his resulting dangerousness. Rather, he challenges the district court’s statutory interpretation of § 4246, arguing that his commitment involved improper extraterritorial application 2 because the court necessarily concluded that the requirement of “substantial risk of bodily injury to another person” applies to all persons, regardless of their geographical location. This is so, in Ramos’ view, because he has an active Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detainer pending against him and thus will not be released into the United States but, rather, will be released into ICE custody and held for removal to Mexico. We conclude after review of the record that the district court did not expressly find that Ramos’ release would create a substantial risk ...
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