NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS AUG 12 2021 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT BALJEET KAUR SANDHU, No. 19-17384 Plaintiff-Appellant, D.C. No. 3:18-cv-05971-JSC and MEMORANDUM* GURJEET KAUR, Plaintiff, v. JEFFERSON B. SESSIONS III, Attorney General; et al., Defendants-Appellees. Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of California Jacqueline Scott Corley, Magistrate Judge, Presiding Submitted August 9, 2021** San Francisco, California Before: SILER,*** CHRISTEN, and FORREST, Circuit Judges. * This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). *** The Honorable Eugene E. Siler, United States Circuit Judge for the Gurjeet Kaur and her adult daughter (Plaintiffs) filed a complaint in the district court alleging that the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services’ (USCIS) decision to revoke Kaur’s I-130 petition violated both the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) and the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. The district court granted summary judgment to the government, and Plaintiffs timely appealed. We review the district court’s decision de novo, Love Korean Church v. Chertoff, 549 F.3d 749, 753–54 (9th Cir. 2008), but we do not set aside an agency action unless it is “arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with law,” 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A). We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm. 1. USCIS’s revocation decision was not arbitrary and capricious. Section 204(c) of the Immigration and Nationality Act prohibits the approval of a visa petition where there is “substantial and probative evidence” that the noncitizen has entered into a marriage “for the purpose of evading the immigration laws.” 8 C.F.R. § 204.2(a)(1)(ii); see also 8 U.S.C. § 1154(c). Here, USCIS mistakenly granted Kaur’s petition without considering its own prior findings that she had entered into a fraudulent marriage. After USCIS realized its error, the agency “performed an independent review” of Kaur’s immigration file and found substantial and probative evidence that she had entered into two fraudulent marriages. U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, sitting by designation. 2 Specifically, USCIS’s Notice of Intent to Revoke (NOIR) emphasized that the death certificate of Kaur’s second husband failed to indicate any relationship to Kaur, listed his marital status as widowed, and indicated that he lived at a different address than Kaur during their alleged marriage. The NOIR also stated that Kaur married her third husband only nine days after her second husband’s death and described significant discrepancies between Kaur’s testimony and that of her third husband relating to their civil ceremony and purported shared residence. Because USCIS identified substantial and probative evidence of prior fraudulent marriages, the burden shifted to Plaintiffs to rebut the allegation of marriage fraud. See Zerezghi v. USCIS, 955 F.3d 802, 813 (9th Cir. 2020). Plaintiffs failed to provide additional evidence or explain the discrepancies described …
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