NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS JUL 19 2023 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT JOSE EDUARDO GARCIA VAZQUEZ, No. 21-983 Agency No. Petitioner, A200-150-889 v. MEMORANDUM* MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General, Respondent. On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals Submitted July 14, 2023** Seattle, Washington Before: GRABER, GOULD, and PAEZ, Circuit Judges. Jose Eduardo Garcia-Vazquez, a native and citizen of Mexico, petitions for review of a decision of the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) affirming an immigration judge’s denial of Garcia-Vazquez’s applications for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under the United Nations Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(1). * This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). We review for substantial evidence the factual findings underlying the BIA’s determinations. Hussain v. Rosen, 985 F.3d 634, 641–42 (9th Cir. 2021). We deny the petition for review. 1. Even assuming that Garcia-Vazquez’s family membership constituted a protected “particular social group” upon which a claim for asylum or withholding of removal could be based, substantial evidence supports the BIA’s finding that Garcia-Vazquez failed to establish a nexus between any persecution and his family membership for purposes of asylum or withholding of removal. See Sharma v. Garland, 9 F.4th 1052, 1059–60 (9th Cir. 2021) (stating nexus requirement for asylum and withholding). Garcia-Vazquez’s testimony that a relative was kidnapped for financial reasons did not show a nexus to his family membership. See Santos-Ponce v. Wilkinson, 987 F.3d 886, 890 (9th Cir. 2021) (finding no evidence of a nexus where gang members killed the petitioner’s uncle, but the record contained no indication that his uncle’s family membership was a reason why the gang did so). Nor did his testimony that his cousins had experienced violence demonstrate sufficient nexus. See Korablina v. INS, 158 F.3d 1038, 1043–44 (9th Cir. 1998) (explaining that, although violence against a petitioner’s friends or family members may establish a well-founded fear of persecution, the violence must “create a pattern of persecution closely tied to the petitioner” (internal citation and quotation marks omitted)). Lastly, Garcia- Vazquez’s testimony that he feared indiscriminate violence in Mexico did not show a nexus to a protected ground. See Zetino v. Holder, 622 F.3d 1007, 1016 2 21-983 (9th Cir. 2010) (“An alien’s desire to be free from harassment by criminals motivated by theft or random violence by gang members bears no nexus to a protected ground.”). Garcia-Vazquez raises a new argument before this court concerning the particular social group of returning immigrants. Because he failed to make that argument to the BIA, the argument was waived or forfeited, and we decline to consider it on the merits. See Santos-Zacaria v. Garland, 143 S. Ct. 1103, 1116 (2023) (holding that, although 8 U.S.C. § …
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