PUBLISHED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT No. 20-1160 HIAS, INC.; CHURCH WORLD SERVICE, INC.; LUTHERAN IMMIGRATION & REFUGEE SERVICE, INC., Plaintiffs - Appellees, v. DONALD J. TRUMP, in his official capacity as President of the United States; MICHAEL R. POMPEO, in his official capacity as Secretary of State; ALEX M. AZAR, II, in his official capacity as Secretary of Health and Human Services; CHAD WOLF, in his official capacity as Acting Secretary of Homeland Security, Defendants - Appellants, ------------------------------ STATE OF CALIFORNIA; STATE OF ILLINOIS; STATE OF MARYLAND; STATE OF COLORADO; STATE OF CONNECTICUT; STATE OF DELAWARE; STATE OF MAINE; COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS; STATE OF MICHIGAN; STATE OF MINNESOTA; STATE OF NEW JERSEY; STATE OF NEW MEXICO; STATE OF NEW YORK; STATE OF OREGON; COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA; STATE OF RHODE ISLAND; STATE OF VERMONT; COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA; STATE OF WASHINGTON; REFUGEE AND IMMIGRANT CENTER FOR EDUCATION AND LEGAL SERVICE; INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE; UNITED STATES CONFERENCE OF CATHOLIC BISHOPS; WORLD RELIEF; THE MOST REVEREND MICHAEL BRUCE CURRY; PRESIDING BISHOP OF THE EPISCOPAL CHURCH; ETHIOPIAN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL, INC.; CITY OF TEMPE, AZ; CITY OF TUCSON, AZ; CITY OF ALAMEDA, CA; CITY OF LOS ANGELES, CA; COUNTY OF LOS ANGELES, CA; COUNTY OF MONTEREY, CA; CITY OF OAKLAND, CA; CITY OF SACRAMENTO, CA; CITY AND COUNTY OF SAN FRANCISCO, CA; COUNTY OF SANTA CLARA, CA; CITY OF SANTA MONICA, CA; CITY OF WEST HOLLYWOOD, CA; CITY AND COUNTY OF DENVER, CO; CITY OF ST. PETERSBURG, FL; CITY OF BOISE, ID; CITY OF CHICAGO, IL; CITY OF HOLYOKE, MA; CITY OF SOMERVILLE, MA; CITY OF ST. PAUL, MN; CITY OF LINCOLN, NE; CITY OF ALBUQUERQUE, NM; CITY OF SANTA FE, NM; NEW YORK CITY, NY; TOWN OF CARRBORO, NC; CITY OF COLUMBUS, OH; CITY OF CINCINNATI, OH; CITY OF PORTLAND, OR; CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, PA; CITY OF PROVIDENCE, RI; CITY OF KNOXVILLE, TN; CITY OF AUSTIN, TX; COUNTY OF HARRIS, TX; CITY OF HOUSTON, TX; COUNTY OF KING, WA; CITY OF SEATTLE, WA; CITY OF TACOMA, WA; CITY OF MADISON, WI; U. S. CONFERENCE OF MAYORS; LAUREN MCLEAN, Mayor of Boise, ID; DAVID R. MARTIN, Mayor of Stamford, CT; RICK KRISEMAN, Mayor of St. Petersburg, FL; NOAM BRAMSON, Mayor of New Rochelle, NY; ALEX MORSE, Mayor of Holyoke, MA; MICHAEL DUGGAN, Mayor of Detroit, MI; FORMER STATE DEPARTMENT OFFICIALS, Amici Supporting Appellee. Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Maryland, at Greenbelt. Peter J. Messitte, Senior District Judge. (8:19-cv-03346-PJM) Argued: October 27, 2020 Decided: January 8, 2021 Before KING, KEENAN, and HARRIS, Circuit Judges. Affirmed by published opinion. Judge Keenan wrote the opinion, in which Judge King and Judge Harris joined. ARGUED: Amanda Lee Mundell, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington, D.C., for Appellants. Justin Bryan Cox, INTERNATIONAL REFUGEE ASSISTANCE PROJECT, Atlanta, Georgia, for Appellees. ON BRIEF: Joseph H. Hunt, Assistant Attorney General, Mark B. Stern, Civil Division, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington, D.C., for Appellants. Melissa S. Keaney, Fair Oaks, California, Linda Evarts, ...
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