NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MAR 28 2022 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT JUAN JOSE IGLESIAS-IGLESIAS, AKA No. 20-70650 Geraldo Reyes, Agency No. A209-405-297 Petitioner, v. MEMORANDUM* MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General, Respondent. On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals Argued and Submitted March 3, 2021 San Francisco, California Before: WARDLAW and GOULD, Circuit Judges, and PREGERSON,** District Judge. Petitioner Juan Jose Iglesias-Iglesias, a native and citizen of Mexico, seeks review of a Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) decision affirming an Immigration Judge (“IJ”)’s denial of his application for asylum, withholding of * This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The Honorable Dean D. Pregerson, United States District Judge for the Central District of California, sitting by designation. removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). The petition is DENIED with respect to asylum and withholding of removal, and GRANTED with respect to CAT relief. We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a). We review questions of law de novo and the agency’s factual determinations for substantial evidence. Cordoba v. Holder, 726 F.3d 1106, 1113 (9th Cir. 2013); Tamang v. Holder, 598 F.3d 1083, 1088 (9th Cir. 2010). 1. For purposes of asylum, the proposed social group of “Mexicans suffering from a severe psychotic illness” is too broad to constitute a “particular social group.” See Matter of M-E-V-G-, 26 I. & N. Dec. 227, 239 (BIA 2014). The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (“DSM-V”) states that psychotic disorders are “heterogenous,” and defines such disorders by abnormalities across five separate domains. “Locura,” the defining characteristic of the proposed social group “locos,” refers to a “a severe form of chronic psychosis.” “Locos,” therefore, also constitute too diffuse a group to qualify as sufficiently particularized for asylum purposes. See Matter of M-E-V-G-, 26 I. & N. Dec. at 239. The group “locos violentos,” encompassing violent people with severe psychosis, is not vague or subjective. As described above, the DSM-V identifies objective, if wide-ranging, features of psychotic disorders. See Acevedo Granados 2 v. Garland, 992 F.3d 755, 762 (9th Cir. 2021) (distinguishing “intellectual disability” as defined in the DSM-V from lay uses of the term). While the terms “loco” and “violente” might be overbroad individually, when used in conjunction, they limit each other and describe a particularized social group. See Temu v. Holder, 740 F.3d 887, 895 (4th Cir. 2014) (concluding that “individuals with bipolar disorder who exhibit outwardly erratic behavior” adequately defines a particularized social group, where each of the descriptive terms alone would not). This reasoning applies with additional force to the proposed social group comprised of “Mexicans with incurable delusional disorder who exhibit manic symptoms and bizarre, grandiose delusions.” The DSM-V identifies “delusional disorders” as a particular subset of psychotic disorders, and specifically defines the terms “bizarre” and “grandiose” in the context of delusions. See …
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