NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS APR 25 2023 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT JUAN SEBASTIAN ZAMORA-SANCHEZ, No. 21-70260 Petitioner, Agency No. A215-544-103 v. MEMORANDUM* MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General, Respondent. On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals Submitted April 17, 2023** Before: CLIFTON, R. NELSON, and BRESS, Circuit Judges. Juan Sebastian Zamora-Sanchez, a native and citizen of Mexico, petitions pro se for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) order dismissing his appeal from an immigration judge’s decision denying his applications for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under the Convention Against * This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). Torture (“CAT”). Our jurisdiction is governed by 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We review for substantial evidence the agency’s factual findings. Conde Quevedo v. Barr, 947 F.3d 1238, 1241 (9th Cir. 2020). We review de novo questions of law, including whether a particular social group is cognizable, except to the extent that deference is owed to the BIA’s interpretation of the governing statutes and regulations. Id. at 1241-42. We deny in part and dismiss in part the petition for review. The BIA did not err in concluding Zamora-Sanchez failed to establish membership in a cognizable particular social group. See Reyes v. Lynch, 842 F.3d 1125, 1131 (9th Cir. 2016) (to demonstrate membership in a particular social group, “[t]he applicant must ‘establish that the group is (1) composed of members who share a common immutable characteristic, (2) defined with particularity, and (3) socially distinct within the society in question’” (quoting Matter of M-E-V-G-, 26 I. & N. Dec. 227, 237 (BIA 2014))); see also Nguyen v. Barr, 983 F.3d 1099, 1103 (9th Cir. 2020) (“The particularity element requires characteristics that provide a clear benchmark for determining who falls within the group,” and “[t]he group must also be discrete and have definable boundaries—it must not be amorphous, overbroad, diffuse, or subjective.” (internal quotation marks and citations omitted)). To the extent Zamora-Sanchez raises new proposed particular social groups in his opening brief, we lack jurisdiction to consider them because he failed to raise the issues before the BIA. See Barron v. Ashcroft, 358 F.3d 674, 2 21-70260 677-78 (9th Cir. 2004) (petitioner must exhaust issues or claims in administrative proceedings below). Thus, Zamora-Sanchez’s asylum and withholding of removal claims fail. Substantial evidence supports the agency’s denial of CAT protection because Zamora-Sanchez failed to show it is more likely than not he will be tortured by or with the consent or acquiescence of the government if returned to Mexico. See Wakkary v. Holder, 558 F.3d 1049, 1067-68 (9th Cir. 2009) (no likelihood of torture). Zamora-Sanchez’s opposed request (Docket Entry No. 26) for administrative closure is denied. The temporary stay of removal remains in place until …
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