Pascual De La Luz Galvez v. Merrick Garland


NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS APR 21 2023 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT PASCUAL DE LA LUZ GALVEZ, No. 18-71066 Petitioner, Agency No. A089-268-316 v. MEMORANDUM* MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General, Respondent. On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals Submitted March 31, 2023** Seattle, Washington Before: NGUYEN and HURWITZ, Circuit Judges, and PREGERSON,*** District Judge. Pascual de la Luz Galvez petitions for review of a Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) order dismissing an appeal from the decision of an Immigration * This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). *** The Honorable Dean D. Pregerson, United States District Judge for the Central District of California, sitting by designation. Judge (“IJ”) denying asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252 and deny the petition. 1. Even assuming that Petitioner exhausted his argument regarding a defect in the Notice to Appear (“NTA”), the NTA here was sufficient to vest jurisdiction in the immigration court. United States v. Bastide-Hernandez, 39 F.4th 1187, 1193 (9th Cir. 2022) (en banc). 2. Petitioner’s voluntary departure argument was not exhausted before the BIA. See Zara v. Ashcroft, 383 F.3d 927, 930 (9th Cir. 2004). In any event, any error regarding voluntary departure was harmless. See Zamorano v. Garland, 2 F.4th 1213, 1228 (9th Cir. 2021). 3. Petitioner’s arguments as to untimeliness fail were also not exhausted. See Abebe v. Mukasey, 554 F.3d 1203, 1208 (9th Cir. 2009). Contrary to Petitioner’s characterization, the BIA did not address untimeliness on the merits. Furthermore, this Court has expressly rejected the argument that ignorance of filing requirements constitutes an “extraordinary circumstance” warranting an exception to the one- year filing deadline. Alquijay v. Garland, 40 F.4th 1099, 1103-04 (9th Cir. 2022). Petitioner’s citation to Barron v. Ashcroft, 358 F.3d at 676 n.4 (9th Cir. 2004), is inapt, as Petitioner was represented by counsel throughout all proceedings. 4. Substantial evidence supported the IJ’s adverse credibility determination. 2 See Ruiz-Colmenares v. Garland, 25 F.4th 742, 748 (9th Cir. 2022). Petitioner’s only explanation for the material inconsistencies in the record was that his own counsel may have misunderstood him, or that there may have been a transcription error. On such a record, and given the centrality of the inconsistent details, we cannot conclude that a reasonable adjudicator would be compelled to accept Petitioner’s explanations. See Dong v. Garland, 50 F.4th 1291, 1296 (9th Cir. 2022); Barseghyan v. Garland, 39 F.4th 1138, 1143 (9th Cir. 2022). 5. We review de novo whether a group qualifies as a “particular social group” for purposes of withholding of removal. Perdomo v. Holder, 611 F.3d 662, 665 (9th Cir. 2010). We have repeatedly concluded that groups similar to that put …

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