NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FEB 16 2022 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT TERESA DE JESUS REVELO-CABRERA, No. 19-72845 AKA Marlene Arevalo-Revelo, Agency No. A094-306-743 Petitioner, v. MEMORANDUM* MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General, Respondent. On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals Submitted January 13, 2022** Pasadena, California Before: RAWLINSON and WATFORD, Circuit Judges, and RAKOFF,*** District Judge. Teresa De Jesus Revelo-Cabrera, a native and citizen of El Salvador, petitions * This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). *** The Honorable Jed S. Rakoff, United States District Judge for the Southern District of New York, sitting by designation. for review of the order of the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) dismissing her appeal from an immigration judge’s decision denying her applications for withholding of removal and relief under the Convention Against Torture (CAT). We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We review for substantial evidence the BIA’s factual findings and we review questions of law de novo. See Conde Quevedo v. Barr, 947 F.3d 1238, 1241 (9th Cir. 2020). For the reasons set out below, we deny the petition for review. To qualify for withholding of removal, an applicant must show a “clear probability” of persecution in the country of removal on account of her race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. 8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3)(A); 8 C.F.R. § 208.16(b); Navas v. INS, 217 F.3d 646, 655 (9th Cir. 2000). An applicant must prove that a cognizable protected ground is “a reason” for past or feared future persecution. Barajas-Romero v. Lynch, 846 F.3d 351, 358–60 (9th Cir. 2017). Revelo-Cabrera argued that she was targeted and would be targeted based on her membership in the proposed social group of “business owner[s] targeted by gangs.” Substantial evidence supports the BIA’s determination that Revelo-Cabrera failed to establish that a protected ground was or would be “a reason” for the harm she experienced or fears in El Salvador. Revelo-Cabrera cannot establish the required nexus to a protected ground based solely on a “desire to be free from 2 harassment by criminals motivated by theft or random violence by gang members . . . .” Zetino v. Holder, 622 F.3d 1007, 1016 (9th Cir. 2010). Furthermore, the BIA did not err in declining to consider the particular social groups that Revelo-Cabrera proposed for the first time before the BIA. See Honcharov v. Barr, 924 F.3d 1293, 1297 (9th Cir. 2019). Revelo-Cabrera cannot, therefore, prevail on her withholding of removal claim. To demonstrate eligibility for withholding of removal under CAT, a petitioner must prove that she is “more likely than not” to be subject to torture upon removal. 8 C.F.R. § 1208.16(c)(2). Substantial evidence also supports the BIA’s denial of CAT relief …
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